Body roll amplitude and timing in backstroke swimming and their differences from front crawl at the same swimming intensities

Abstract The current study investigated body roll amplitude and timing of its peak in backstroke compared them with front crawl swimming. Nineteen anatomical landmarks were digitised using 80 swimming trial videos (ten swimmers × two techniques four intensities) recorded by above- below-water cameras. One upper-limb cycle was analysed for each trial, shoulder hip roll, whole-body ( WBR ), due to the buoyant torque BT ) obtained. Main effects intensity technique on reach those variables assessed two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. Swimmers decreased their an increase both (p ? 0.005). same result observed , only 0.017). maintained techniques, while they shifted toward beginning when increasing In conclusion, maintain increases, whereas reduce all rolls crawl.